![]() ![]() ![]() The subsequent reduction in investments in education can “undo” the overinvestment typically associated with signaling, thus increasing the “social welfare,” as the researchers call it, of all senders.This is because, even if the claim of a higher education level is truthful, the possibility that it could be untruthful lowers the amount hiring officers are willing to pay and The possibility of resume padding reduces the return to investing in higher education levels.Their modeling uncovered two major results: The sender chooses an action (education level) that is not publicly known but can be verified, although at a potentially high cost in time and money.Īssumptions regarding the veracity of the resumes, the hiring officers’ willingness to verify the information, and the risk-benefit of dishonesty regarding education levels are factored into the model. In their modeling, the researchers considered a single sender (job applicant) and a pool of identical receivers (hiring officers). There are items that can be verified via investigation – education level, previous employment – and others that cannot, such as leadership qualities and work ethic. In self-reported signaling, the signal can be a lie, as in the Santos case.Ī CV is an example of self-reported signaling: Most of the information on it is not widely known, and the recipient expects it to be accurate and truthful. The difference between the two concepts: In Spence’s world, the signal is always valid. He shared the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work. Waldman and Jungbauer explored the idea of “self-reported signaling,” a concept that extends the idea of signaling first identified more than 50 years ago by then-Harvard doctoral student Michael Spence in his thesis. “As a result, the reward for getting a higher-level degree goes down a little, and so does the investment in education.” “But if I introduce resume padding regarding the education level, that raises questions regarding the validity of the signal,” Waldman said. It has long been believed that education used to signal worker ability can lead to overinvestment in education from a societal standpoint – that is, more students getting higher-level degrees than is warranted based on the human capital generated by the higher education levels. The other author is Thomas Jungbauer, assistant professor of strategy and business economics at Johnson. Waldman is co-author of “ Self-Reported Signaling,” which published July 27 in American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. ![]() Dyson Professor of Management in the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, in the Cornell SC Johnson College of Business.īut, Waldman said, resume padding can ultimately have a positive effect – if the long-term result is decreased misrepresentation. “If you wind up using resume padding to get a higher-level job that you’re not qualified for – and that job is really important, like the George Santos case – that’s not a good thing,” said Michael Waldman, the Charles H. Apart from fulfilling the needed requirements for the post, a bachelor’s degree is strongly recommended.Creatively enhancing a CV, known as “resume padding,” has the potential to cast the sender in a bad light.īut can this “self-reported signaling” – the conveying of information that may or may not be true – ultimately have a positive effect in the grand scheme of things? Two Cornell researchers think so. Physical fitness and endurance go hand-in-hand with the post. The roles and responsibilities vary based on the fields but some of the core tasks are mentioned on the Lieutenant Resume as follows – commanding a small infantry platoon, taking responsibility for infantry duties like command and control elements weapons training and advisory billets training infantry platoons, overseeing operational results improvising standard operating procedures, approving and processing requests throughout the chain of command and receiving special instructional billets to train troops in infantry skills.Įven though much of the skills are learned on the job, the candidates are expected to possess exceptional leadership and organizational skills, they should have strong communication skills, and be able to accept and give commands. A Lieutenant falls under the junior level commissioned officer cadre in the fire services, police, armed and other organizations of nations. ![]()
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